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+# PostCSS [![Gitter][chat-img]][chat]
+
+<img align="right" width="95" height="95"
+     alt="Philosopher’s stone, logo of PostCSS"
+     src="http://postcss.github.io/postcss/logo.svg">
+
+[chat-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Gitter-Join_the_PostCSS_chat-brightgreen.svg
+[chat]:     https://gitter.im/postcss/postcss
+
+PostCSS is a tool for transforming styles with JS plugins.
+These plugins can lint your CSS, support variables and mixins,
+transpile future CSS syntax, inline images, and more.
+
+PostCSS is used by industry leaders including Wikipedia, Twitter, Alibaba,
+and JetBrains. The [Autoprefixer] PostCSS plugin is one of the most popular
+CSS processors.
+
+PostCSS takes a CSS file and provides an API to analyze and modify its rules
+(by transforming them into an [Abstract Syntax Tree]).
+This API can then be used by [plugins] to do a lot of useful things,
+e.g. to find errors automatically insert vendor prefixes.
+
+**Support / Discussion:** [Gitter](https://gitter.im/postcss/postcss)<br>
+**Twitter account:**      [@postcss](https://twitter.com/postcss)<br>
+**VK.com page:**          [postcss](https://vk.com/postcss)<br>
+**中文翻译**:              [`README-cn.md`](./README-cn.md)
+
+For PostCSS commercial support (consulting, improving the front-end culture
+of your company, PostCSS plugins), contact [Evil Martians]
+at <surrender@evilmartians.com>.
+
+[Abstract Syntax Tree]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree
+[Evil Martians]:        https://evilmartians.com/?utm_source=postcss
+[Autoprefixer]:         https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer
+[plugins]:              https://github.com/postcss/postcss#plugins
+
+<a href="https://evilmartians.com/?utm_source=postcss">
+  <img src="https://evilmartians.com/badges/sponsored-by-evil-martians.svg"
+       alt="Sponsored by Evil Martians" width="236" height="54">
+</a>
+
+## Plugins
+
+Currently, PostCSS has more than 200 plugins. You can find all of the plugins
+in the [plugins list] or in the [searchable catalog]. Below is a list
+of our favorite plugins — the best demonstrations of what can be built
+on top of PostCSS.
+
+If you have any new ideas, [PostCSS plugin development] is really easy.
+
+[searchable catalog]: http://postcss.parts
+[plugins list]:       https://github.com/postcss/postcss/blob/master/docs/plugins.md
+
+### Solve Global CSS Problem
+
+* [`postcss-use`] allows you to explicitly set PostCSS plugins within CSS
+  and execute them only for the current file.
+* [`postcss-modules`] and [`react-css-modules`] automatically isolate
+  selectors within components.
+* [`postcss-autoreset`] is an alternative to using a global reset
+  that is better for isolatable components.
+* [`postcss-initial`] adds `all: initial` support, which resets
+  all inherited styles.
+* [`cq-prolyfill`] adds container query support, allowing styles that respond
+  to the width of the parent.
+
+### Use Future CSS, Today
+
+* [`autoprefixer`] adds vendor prefixes, using data from Can I Use.
+* [`postcss-preset-env`] allows you to use future CSS features today.
+
+### Better CSS Readability
+
+* [`precss`] contains plugins for Sass-like features, like variables, nesting,
+  and mixins.
+* [`postcss-sorting`] sorts the content of rules and at-rules.
+* [`postcss-utilities`] includes the most commonly used shortcuts and helpers.
+* [`short`] adds and extends numerous shorthand properties.
+
+### Images and Fonts
+
+* [`postcss-assets`] inserts image dimensions and inlines files.
+* [`postcss-sprites`] generates image sprites.
+* [`font-magician`] generates all the `@font-face` rules needed in CSS.
+* [`postcss-inline-svg`] allows you to inline SVG and customize its styles.
+* [`postcss-write-svg`] allows you to write simple SVG directly in your CSS.
+
+### Linters
+
+* [`stylelint`] is a modular stylesheet linter.
+* [`stylefmt`] is a tool that automatically formats CSS
+  according `stylelint` rules.
+* [`doiuse`] lints CSS for browser support, using data from Can I Use.
+* [`colorguard`] helps you maintain a consistent color palette.
+
+### Other
+
+* [`postcss-rtl`] combines both-directional (left-to-right and right-to-left) styles in one CSS file.
+* [`cssnano`] is a modular CSS minifier.
+* [`lost`] is a feature-rich `calc()` grid system.
+* [`rtlcss`] mirrors styles for right-to-left locales.
+
+[PostCSS plugin development]:   https://github.com/postcss/postcss/blob/master/docs/writing-a-plugin.md
+[`postcss-inline-svg`]:         https://github.com/TrySound/postcss-inline-svg
+[`postcss-preset-env`]:         https://github.com/jonathantneal/postcss-preset-env
+[`react-css-modules`]:          https://github.com/gajus/react-css-modules
+[`postcss-autoreset`]:          https://github.com/maximkoretskiy/postcss-autoreset
+[`postcss-write-svg`]:          https://github.com/jonathantneal/postcss-write-svg
+[`postcss-utilities`]:          https://github.com/ismamz/postcss-utilities
+[`postcss-initial`]:            https://github.com/maximkoretskiy/postcss-initial
+[`postcss-sprites`]:            https://github.com/2createStudio/postcss-sprites
+[`postcss-modules`]:            https://github.com/outpunk/postcss-modules
+[`postcss-sorting`]:            https://github.com/hudochenkov/postcss-sorting
+[`postcss-assets`]:             https://github.com/assetsjs/postcss-assets
+[`font-magician`]:              https://github.com/jonathantneal/postcss-font-magician
+[`autoprefixer`]:               https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer
+[`cq-prolyfill`]:               https://github.com/ausi/cq-prolyfill
+[`postcss-rtl`]:                https://github.com/vkalinichev/postcss-rtl
+[`postcss-use`]:                https://github.com/postcss/postcss-use
+[`css-modules`]:                https://github.com/css-modules/css-modules
+[`colorguard`]:                 https://github.com/SlexAxton/css-colorguard
+[`stylelint`]:                  https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint
+[`stylefmt`]:                   https://github.com/morishitter/stylefmt
+[`cssnano`]:                    http://cssnano.co
+[`precss`]:                     https://github.com/jonathantneal/precss
+[`doiuse`]:                     https://github.com/anandthakker/doiuse
+[`rtlcss`]:                     https://github.com/MohammadYounes/rtlcss
+[`short`]:                      https://github.com/jonathantneal/postcss-short
+[`lost`]:                       https://github.com/peterramsing/lost
+
+## Syntaxes
+
+PostCSS can transform styles in any syntax, not just CSS.
+If there is not yet support for your favorite syntax,
+you can write a parser and/or stringifier to extend PostCSS.
+
+* [`sugarss`] is a indent-based syntax like Sass or Stylus.
+* [`postcss-syntax`] switch syntax automatically by file extensions.
+* [`postcss-html`] parsing styles in `<style>` tags of HTML-like files.
+* [`postcss-markdown`] parsing styles in code blocks of Markdown files.
+* [`postcss-jsx`] parsing CSS in template / object literals of source files.
+* [`postcss-styled`] parsing CSS in template literals of source files.
+* [`postcss-scss`] allows you to work with SCSS
+  *(but does not compile SCSS to CSS)*.
+* [`postcss-sass`] allows you to work with Sass
+    *(but does not compile Sass to CSS)*.
+* [`postcss-less`] allows you to work with Less
+  *(but does not compile LESS to CSS)*.
+* [`postcss-less-engine`] allows you to work with Less
+  *(and DOES compile LESS to CSS using true Less.js evaluation)*.
+* [`postcss-js`] allows you to write styles in JS or transform
+  React Inline Styles, Radium or JSS.
+* [`postcss-safe-parser`] finds and fixes CSS syntax errors.
+* [`midas`] converts a CSS string to highlighted HTML.
+
+[`postcss-less-engine`]: https://github.com/Crunch/postcss-less
+[`postcss-safe-parser`]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss-safe-parser
+[`postcss-syntax`]:      https://github.com/gucong3000/postcss-syntax
+[`postcss-html`]:        https://github.com/gucong3000/postcss-html
+[`postcss-markdown`]:    https://github.com/gucong3000/postcss-markdown
+[`postcss-jsx`]:         https://github.com/gucong3000/postcss-jsx
+[`postcss-styled`]:      https://github.com/gucong3000/postcss-styled
+[`postcss-scss`]:        https://github.com/postcss/postcss-scss
+[`postcss-sass`]:        https://github.com/AleshaOleg/postcss-sass
+[`postcss-less`]:        https://github.com/webschik/postcss-less
+[`postcss-js`]:          https://github.com/postcss/postcss-js
+[`sugarss`]:             https://github.com/postcss/sugarss
+[`midas`]:               https://github.com/ben-eb/midas
+
+## Articles
+
+* [Some things you may think about PostCSS… and you might be wrong](http://julian.io/some-things-you-may-think-about-postcss-and-you-might-be-wrong)
+* [What PostCSS Really Is; What It Really Does](http://davidtheclark.com/its-time-for-everyone-to-learn-about-postcss)
+* [PostCSS Guides](http://webdesign.tutsplus.com/series/postcss-deep-dive--cms-889)
+
+More articles and videos you can find on [awesome-postcss](https://github.com/jjaderg/awesome-postcss) list.
+
+## Books
+
+* [Mastering PostCSS for Web Design](https://www.packtpub.com/web-development/mastering-postcss-web-design) by Alex Libby, Packt. (June 2016)
+
+## Usage
+
+You can start using PostCSS in just two steps:
+
+1. Find and add PostCSS extensions for your build tool.
+2. [Select plugins] and add them to your PostCSS process.
+
+[Select plugins]: http://postcss.parts
+
+### CSS-in-JS
+
+The best way to use PostCSS with CSS-in-JS is [`astroturf`].
+Add its loader to your `webpack.config.js`:
+
+```js
+module.exports = {
+  module: {
+    rules: [
+      {
+        test: /\.css$/,
+        use: ['style-loader', 'postcss-loader'],
+      },
+      {
+        test: /\.jsx?$/,
+        use: ['babel-loader', 'astroturf/loader'],
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Then create `postcss.config.js`:
+
+```js
+module.exports = {
+  plugins: [
+    require('autoprefixer'),
+    require('postcss-nested')
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+[`astroturf`]: https://github.com/4Catalyzer/astroturf
+
+### Parcel
+
+[Parcel] has built-in PostCSS support. It already uses Autoprefixer
+and cssnano. If you want to change plugins, create `postcss.config.js`
+in project’s root:
+
+```js
+module.exports = {
+  plugins: [
+    require('autoprefixer'),
+    require('postcss-nested')
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Parcel will even automatically install these plugins for you.
+
+> Please, be aware of [the several issues in Version 1](https://github.com/parcel-bundler/parcel/labels/CSS%20Preprocessing). Notice, [Version 2](https://github.com/parcel-bundler/parcel/projects/5) may resolve the issues via [issue #2157](https://github.com/parcel-bundler/parcel/issues/2157).
+
+[Parcel]: https://parceljs.org
+
+### Webpack
+
+Use [`postcss-loader`] in `webpack.config.js`:
+
+```js
+module.exports = {
+  module: {
+    rules: [
+      {
+        test: /\.css$/,
+        exclude: /node_modules/,
+        use: [
+          {
+            loader: 'style-loader',
+          },
+          {
+            loader: 'css-loader',
+            options: {
+              importLoaders: 1,
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            loader: 'postcss-loader'
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Then create `postcss.config.js`:
+
+```js
+module.exports = {
+  plugins: [
+    require('precss'),
+    require('autoprefixer')
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+[`postcss-loader`]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss-loader
+
+### Gulp
+
+Use [`gulp-postcss`] and [`gulp-sourcemaps`].
+
+```js
+gulp.task('css', () => {
+  const postcss    = require('gulp-postcss')
+  const sourcemaps = require('gulp-sourcemaps')
+
+  return gulp.src('src/**/*.css')
+    .pipe( sourcemaps.init() )
+    .pipe( postcss([ require('precss'), require('autoprefixer') ]) )
+    .pipe( sourcemaps.write('.') )
+    .pipe( gulp.dest('build/') )
+})
+```
+
+[`gulp-sourcemaps`]: https://github.com/floridoo/gulp-sourcemaps
+[`gulp-postcss`]:    https://github.com/postcss/gulp-postcss
+
+### npm run / CLI
+
+To use PostCSS from your command-line interface or with npm scripts
+there is [`postcss-cli`].
+
+```sh
+postcss --use autoprefixer -c options.json -o main.css css/*.css
+```
+
+[`postcss-cli`]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss-cli
+
+### Browser
+
+If you want to compile CSS string in browser (for instance, in live edit
+tools like CodePen), just use [Browserify] or [webpack]. They will pack
+PostCSS and plugins files into a single file.
+
+To apply PostCSS plugins to React Inline Styles, JSS, Radium
+and other [CSS-in-JS], you can use [`postcss-js`] and transforms style objects.
+
+```js
+var postcss  = require('postcss-js')
+var prefixer = postcss.sync([ require('autoprefixer') ])
+
+prefixer({ display: 'flex' }) //=> { display: ['-webkit-box', '-webkit-flex', '-ms-flexbox', 'flex'] }
+```
+
+[`postcss-js`]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss-js
+[Browserify]:   http://browserify.org/
+[CSS-in-JS]:    https://github.com/MicheleBertoli/css-in-js
+[webpack]:      https://webpack.github.io/
+
+### Runners
+
+* **Grunt**: [`grunt-postcss`](https://github.com/nDmitry/grunt-postcss)
+* **HTML**: [`posthtml-postcss`](https://github.com/posthtml/posthtml-postcss)
+* **Stylus**: [`poststylus`](https://github.com/seaneking/poststylus)
+* **Rollup**: [`rollup-plugin-postcss`](https://github.com/egoist/rollup-plugin-postcss)
+* **Brunch**: [`postcss-brunch`](https://github.com/brunch/postcss-brunch)
+* **Broccoli**: [`broccoli-postcss`](https://github.com/jeffjewiss/broccoli-postcss)
+* **Meteor**: [`postcss`](https://atmospherejs.com/juliancwirko/postcss)
+* **ENB**: [`enb-postcss`](https://github.com/awinogradov/enb-postcss)
+* **Taskr**: [`taskr-postcss`](https://github.com/lukeed/taskr/tree/master/packages/postcss)
+* **Start**: [`start-postcss`](https://github.com/start-runner/postcss)
+* **Connect/Express**: [`postcss-middleware`](https://github.com/jedmao/postcss-middleware)
+
+### JS API
+
+For other environments, you can use the JS API:
+
+```js
+const autoprefixer = require('autoprefixer')
+const postcss = require('postcss')
+const precss = require('precss')
+const fs = require('fs')
+
+fs.readFile('src/app.css', (err, css) => {
+  postcss([precss, autoprefixer])
+    .process(css, { from: 'src/app.css', to: 'dest/app.css' })
+    .then(result => {
+      fs.writeFile('dest/app.css', result.css, () => true)
+      if ( result.map ) {
+        fs.writeFile('dest/app.css.map', result.map, () => true)
+      }
+    })
+})
+```
+
+Read the [PostCSS API documentation] for more details about the JS API.
+
+All PostCSS runners should pass [PostCSS Runner Guidelines].
+
+[PostCSS Runner Guidelines]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss/blob/master/docs/guidelines/runner.md
+[PostCSS API documentation]: http://api.postcss.org/postcss.html
+
+### Options
+
+Most PostCSS runners accept two parameters:
+
+* An array of plugins.
+* An object of options.
+
+Common options:
+
+* `syntax`: an object providing a syntax parser and a stringifier.
+* `parser`: a special syntax parser (for example, [SCSS]).
+* `stringifier`: a special syntax output generator (for example, [Midas]).
+* `map`: [source map options].
+* `from`: the input file name (most runners set it automatically).
+* `to`: the output file name (most runners set it automatically).
+
+[source map options]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss/blob/master/docs/source-maps.md
+[Midas]:              https://github.com/ben-eb/midas
+[SCSS]:               https://github.com/postcss/postcss-scss
+
+### Treat Warnings as Errors
+
+In some situations it might be helpful to fail the build on any warning
+from PostCSS or one of its plugins. This guarantees that no warnings
+go unnoticed, and helps to avoid bugs. While there is no option to enable
+treating warnings as errors, it can easily be done
+by adding `postcss-fail-on-warn` plugin in the end of PostCSS plugins:
+
+```js
+module.exports = {
+  plugins: [
+    require('autoprefixer'),
+    require('postcss-fail-on-warn')
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+
+## Editors & IDE Integration
+
+### VS Code
+
+* [`csstools.postcss`] adds support for PostCSS, `postcss-preset-env`
+  and CSS Modules.
+
+[`csstools.postcss`]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=csstools.postcss
+
+### Atom
+
+* [`language-postcss`] adds PostCSS and [SugarSS] highlight.
+* [`source-preview-postcss`] previews your output CSS in a separate, live pane.
+
+[SugarSS]: https://github.com/postcss/sugarss
+
+### Sublime Text
+
+* [`Syntax-highlighting-for-PostCSS`] adds PostCSS highlight.
+
+[`Syntax-highlighting-for-PostCSS`]: https://github.com/hudochenkov/Syntax-highlighting-for-PostCSS
+[`source-preview-postcss`]:          https://atom.io/packages/source-preview-postcss
+[`language-postcss`]:                https://atom.io/packages/language-postcss
+
+### Vim
+
+* [`postcss.vim`] adds PostCSS highlight.
+
+[`postcss.vim`]: https://github.com/stephenway/postcss.vim
+
+### WebStorm
+
+WebStorm 2016.3 [has] built-in PostCSS support.
+
+[has]: https://blog.jetbrains.com/webstorm/2016/08/webstorm-2016-3-early-access-preview/
+
+
+## Security Contact
+
+To report a security vulnerability, please use the [Tidelift security contact].
+Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
+
+[Tidelift security contact]: https://tidelift.com/security